Over the past few days, some of the most influential investors in the world have publicly shared views on some of their best ideas.First, over the weekend, it was Buffett at his annual shareholders meeting. The take away, as I said yesterday, “stocks are dirt cheap” if you think rates will stay low for longer (i.e. below long term averages). His assumption in that statement is that the Fed’s benchmark rate goes to 3ish% and done – well below the long run average neutral rate of 5%.
In addition, he was quite vocal on Apple, a stake he picked up as others were selling in fear in the first half of last year (i.e. being greedy when others are fearful). And he doubled his stake earlier this year, now holding north of $20 billion worth of the stock. The analyst community thinks Apple is a juggling act, with balls that will drop if they don’t come up with another revolutionary product every quarter. Buffett thinks Apple is cheap even if they don’t have another single new invention in the future. Why? Because they’ve developed a services business around their hardware that has quickly become one of the biggest and fastest growing businesses in the world.
Remember, back on February 1, I made the case for why Apple could double. You can see that here. It’s gone from a $560 billion company to an $800 billion company since we added it in our Billionaire’s Portfolio early last year. Even at $154 a share (today’s levels) if we strip out the quarter of a trillion dollars in cash, we get the existing business for 12 times earnings.
Now, let’s talk about one of the big ideas presented yesterday at the annual Sohn Conference in New York, where many of top billionaire investors and hedge fund managers give their outlook on the stock market, the economy and talk about their favorite long and/or short picks.
Billionaire investor Jeff Gundlach, who oversees the world’s largest bond fund likes selling the S&P 500 against emerging market stocks. He thinks value is distorted relative to global GDP. But it’s more a view on undervaluation of EM, rather than overvaluation of U.S. stocks. He took to Twitter to defend that view…
Assuming a stable to improving world economy, emerging market stocks have lagged and offer a great opportunity to catch up with the strength in the U.S. stock market. It also requires that emerging market currencies are a good bet against the dollar, if policy makers around the world are able to follow the lead of the Fed, where rising interest rate cycles follow. This is a very similar view to the one we discussed yesterday, where Spanish stocks (supported by a stronger euro) present a big catch up trade opportunity (to the tune of about 40% to revisit the 2007 highs), with the destabilization risk of the French elections in the rear-view mirror.
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For the skeptics on the bull market in stocks and the broader economy, the reasons to worry continue to get scratched off of the list.
Brexit. Russia. Trump’s protectionist threats. Trump’s inability to get policies legislated. The French election.
The bears, those looking for a recession around the corner and big slide in stocks, are losing ammunition for the story.
With the threat of instability from the French election now passed, these are two of the more intriguing catch-up trades.
In the chart above, the green line is Spanish stocks (the IBEX). U.S., German and UK stocks have not only recovered the 2007 pre-crisis highs but blown past them — sitting on or near (in the case of UK stocks) record highs. Not only does the French vote punctuate the break of this nine year downtrend, but it has about 45% left in it to revisit the 2007 highs. And the euro, in purple, could have a dramatic recovery with the cloud of French elections lifted, which was an imminent threat to the future of the single currency.Next … Japanese stocks. While the attention over the past five months has been diverted toward U.S. politics and policies, the Bank of Japan has continued with unlimited QE. As U.S. rates crawl higher, it pulls Japanese government bond yields with it, moving the Japanese market interest rate above and away from the zero line. Remember, that’s where the BOJ has pegged the target for it’s 10 year yield – zero. That means they buy unlimited bonds to push the yield back down. That means they print more and more yen, which buys more and more Japanese stocks.
The Nikkei has been one of the biggest movers over the past couple of weeks (up almost 10%) since it was evident that the high probability outcome in the French election was a Macron win.Again, German, U.S., and UK stocks are at or near record highs. The Nikkei has been trailing behind and looks to make another run now, with 25,000 in sight.If you need more convincing that stocks can go much higher, Warren Buffett reiterated over the weekend that this low interest rate environment and outlook makes stocks “dirt cheap.” Last year he made the point that when interest rates were 15% [in the early 1980s], there was enormous pull on all assets, not just stocks. Investors have a lot of choices at 15% rates. It’s very different when rates are zero (or still near zero). He said, in a world where investors knew interest rates would be zero “forever,” stocks would sell at 100 or 200 times earnings because there would be nowhere else to earn a return.
Buffett essentially said at zero interest rates into perpetuity, the upside on the stock market (and any alternative asset class with return) is essentially infinite, as people are forced to find return by taking risk. Why you would buy a treasury bond that has no growth, and little-to-no yield and the same or worse balance sheet than high quality dividend stock.
This “forcing of the hand” (pushing investors into return producing assets) is an explicit objective by the interest rate policies of the Fed and the other major central banks of the world. They need us to buy stocks. They need us to spend money. They need economic growth.
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As we discussed last week, we should expect more volatility in markets in the coming months, with the continued discovery surrounding Trump Policies (timing, size) and with UK/EU Brexit negotiations officially opening. That’s a dose of unknowns which should send stocks swinging around quite a bit more than we’ve seen for the past four months.
Remember, on Friday I noted the message the bond market was sending — with market interest rates (U.S. 10 year yields) closing the week, and quarter, at 2.39%. That’s almost a quarter point lower than the high that followed the March rate hike (the third in the Fed’s “normalization” process). And it’s about 10 basis point lower than where the 10 year stood going into the December 2015 rate hike. That’s a negative signal. And I suspect stocks will get that message.
With that said, the first day of the second quarter opened today with a slide in stocks, a slide further in yields and a rise in the price of gold.
When stocks go down, people get nervous and buy downside protection. That tends to spike implied volatility. There’s an index that measures that called the VIX.
Let’s talk about the VIX…
The VIX measures the implied volatility of options on the S&P 500. This is a key component in the price investors pay for downside protection on their portfolios.
So what is implied volatility? Implied volatility measures both actual volatilityand the options market maker community’s expectations (or perception of certainty) about future volatility. When market makers feel confident about the stability in markets, implied vol is lower, which makes the price of options cheaper. When they aren’t confident in stability, implied vol goes up, which makes the price of an option go up. To compensate those that are taking the other side of your trade, for the lack of predictability, you pay a premium.
You can see in the chart below, vol is very, very low — but has been ticking up.
Still, it takes a significant event – a high dose of uncertainty – to create a spike in implied volatility.
That spike tends to correlate well with a sharp slide in stocks. Otherwise, we’re looking at a garden-variety correction in stocks — and that’s what this low vol environment is spelling out.
Over the past week, I’ve talked about the potential for disruption in what has been very smooth sailing for financial markets (led by stocks). While the picture has grown increasingly murkier, markets had been pricing in the exact opposite – which makes things even more vulnerable to a shakeout of the weak hands.
With that, it looked like we are indeed working on a correction in stocks. But it’s not just because stocks are down. It’s because we have some very important technical developments across key markets. The Trump trend has been broken.
Let’s take a look at the charts …
The above chart is the S&P 500. We looked at a break in the futures market last week. Today we get a big break in the cash market. This trendline represents the nice 45 degree climb in stocks since election night on November 8th. We have a clean break today.
Stocks ran up on the prospects that Trumponomics can end the decade long malaise in, not just the U.S. economy, but the global economy too. With that, the money that has been parked in U.S. Treasuries begins to leave. Moreover, any speculators that were betting the U.S. would follow the world into negative rate territory run for the exit doors. That sends Treasury bond prices lower and yields higher (as you can see in the chart above). So today, we also get a break of this “Trump trend” in rates as well (the yellow line). Remember, this is after the Fed’s rate hike last week — rates are moving lower, not higher.
Next up, gold …
I talked about gold yesterday — as being the clearest trade (higher) in an increasingly murkier picture for global financial markets. You can see in the chart above, gold is now knocking on the door of a break in this post-election Trump trend.
Remember, we’ve talked about the buy-the-rumor sell-the-fact phenomenon in markets. The beginning of the Trump trend in stocks started on election night (buying “the rumor” in anticipation of pro-growth policies). The top in stocks came the day following the President’s speech to the joint sessions of Congress (selling “the fact”, entering the “show me” phase).
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With the Fed’s third rate hike this week in the post-financial crisis era, let’s take a look at how market rates have reponded.
Here’s a chart of the U.S. 10 year government bond yield.
On December 16, 2015, the Fed moved for the first time. The 10-year traded up to 2.33% that day and didn’t see that level again for 11-months. Despite the fact that the Fed forecasted four hikes over the next twelve months, the bond market wasn’t buying it. A month later, the fall in oil prices turned into a crash. And the 10 year yield printed a new record low at 1.32%, just under the crisis lows.
On December 14, 2016, the Fed made the second move. This was after they had spent the better part of the last nine months walking back on what they thought would be their 2016 hiking campaign. The difference? Trump was elected the new President and he was already fueling confidence from talk of big, bold fiscal stimulus. The Fed’s big hiking campaign was placed back on the table. The high in yields the day the Fed made hike #2 was 2.58%. The next day it put in a top at 2.64% that we have not seen since.
And, of course, this past week, we’ve had hike #3. The 10 year yield traded up to 2.60% that day (Wednesday) and we haven’t seen it since, despite the fact that the Fed has continued to tell us another couple of hikes this year, and that the economy is doing well, expect about three hikes a year through 2018. Yields go out at 2.50% today.
So why aren’t market rates screaming? The 10 year yield should be 3.5%+ by now. And consumer rates should be surging. Is it the Bank of Japan, the European Central Bank and China buying our Treasuries, keeping a cap on yields? Is it that the market doesn’t believe it and thus the yield curve is flattening (which would project recession)? Probably a bit of both. The important point is that the Fed absolutely cannot do what they are doing if they think they will push the 10 year yield up to 3.5%+, and fast.
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With today marking eight years from the bottom in the stock market, let’s talk about why it bottomed. And then take look at the run up in stocks since 2008.
First, why did stocks (the S&P 500) turn at 666 on March 9th, 2009?
Policymakers were scrambling to stop the bleeding in banks, trying to unfreeze global credit, and stop the dominos from continuing to fall.
The Fed had already launched a program a few months earlier to buy up mortgage back securities, to push down mortgage rates and stop the implosion in housing. Global central banks had already slashed interest rates in attempt to stimulate the economy. The U.S. had announced a $787 fiscal stimulus package a few weeks earlier. And then finance ministers and central bankers from the top 20 countries in the world met in London on March 14.
Here’s what they said in the opening of their communique: “We have taken decisive, coordinated and comprehensive action to boost demand and jobs, and are prepared to take whatever action is necessary until growth is restored.”
The key words here are “coordinated” and “whatever action is necessary.”
The Fed met four days later and rolled out bigger purchases of mortgages, and for the first time announced they would be buying government debt. This was full bore QE. And it was with the full support of global counterparts, which later followed that lead.
What wasn’t known to that point, was to what extent policymakers were willing to intervene to avert disaster. This statement by G20 finance heads and the action by the Fed let it be known that all options are on the table (devaluation, monetization, etc) — and they were all-in and all together in the fight to stave off an apocalypse. With that, the asset reflation period started. And it started with QE.
With that said, let’s take a look at the chart on stocks and the impact QE has had along the way.
The baton has now been passed to fiscal stimulus in the U.S. But we have the benefit of QE still full bore in Europe and Japan. The question is, can that continue to anchor interest rates in the U.S. and keep that variable from stifling the impact of growth policies.
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It’s jobs week. Thanks to 1) Trump’s reminder to the country in his address to Congress last week that big economic stimulus was coming, and 2) Yellen’s remarks last week that all but promised a rate hike this month, the market is about as close to fully pricing in a rate hike as possible for March 15.
The last data point for everyone to obsess about going into next week’s Fed meeting will be this Friday’s jobs report.
But as I’ve said for quite a while, the jobs data has been good enough in the Fed’s eyes for quite some time. Nonetheless, they’ve had many, many balks along the path of normalizing rates over the past couple of years. Here’s a look at a chart of the benchmark payrolls data we’ll be seeing Friday.
You can see in this chart, the twelve-month moving average is 195k. The three-month moving average is 182k. The six-month moving average is 182k. This is all fairly consistent with historical/pre-crisis levels.
So the numbers have been solid for quite some time, even meeting and exceeding the Fed’s targets, especially when it comes to the unemployment rate (4.7% last). However, when the Fed’s targets have been met, the Fed has moved the goal posts. When those goal posts were then exceeded, the Fed found new excuses to justify their decisions to avoid the path of aggressive hikes/normalization of rates that they had guided.
Among those excuses: When jobs were trending at 200k and unemployment breached 5%, the Fed started to acknowledge underemployment. Then the lack of wage growth became the focus. Then it was macro issues. To name a few: It’s been soft Chinese economic data, a Chinese currency move, Russian geopolitical tensions, collapsing oil prices, Brexit and weak productivity.
And just prior to the election last year, the Fed became, confusingly, less optimistic about the U.S. economic outlook, which was the justification to ratchet down the aggressive projected path for rates.
I suspected last year, when they did this that they were making a strategic pivot, to set expectations for a much easier path for rates, in hopes to keep people spending, borrowing and investing — instead of promoting a tighter path, which proved for the better part of two years (prior to the election) to create the opposite effect.
Remember, Bernanke (the former Fed Chair) even wrote a public piece on this last August, criticizing the Fed for being too optimistic in its projections for the path of interest rates. By showing the market/the world an expectation that rates will be dramatically higher in the coming months, quarters and years, Bernanke argued in his post that this “guidance” has had the opposite of the desired effect – it’s softened the economy.
A month later, in September, in Yellen’s post-FOMC press conference, she said this in response to why they didn’t raise rates: “the decision not to raise rates today and to wait for some further evidence that we’re continuing on this course is largely based on the judgment that we’re not seeing evidence that the economy is overheating.” Safe to argue, the economy isn’t overheating, still.
Again, as I said on Friday, the only difference between now and then, is the prospects of major fiscal stimulus, which is precisely what the Fed claims to be ignoring/leaving out of their forecasts – a believe it when I see it approach, allegedly.
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We closed last Friday with another new weekly record high on the Dow. But we closed with an all-time record low in the German 2-year bund. That development in Europe, weighed on U.S. yields, pulling yields down here from 2.5 to 2.31%.
So we had this divergence between what was happening in stocks and what the bond market was communicating. The bond market was telling us there was growing concern about danger to European economic stability, and therefore global economic stability, in the upcoming French elections. Stocks were telling us, growth is king – the ultimate problem solver, and growth is coming.
With that, Trump’s address to Congress on Tuesday night became a major sentiment gauge/the arbiter on which would win out, based on the perception of whether or not the Trump administration could execute on its economic plans.
The vote was “affirmative” for the growth story. Stocks gapped higher to new record highs (closing this week at another weekly record high). And the bond market turned on a dime, following Trump on Tuesday night, and have been climbing since. German yields have bounced. And U.S. yields have bounced. That leads us up to today’s speech from Janet Yellen.
There has been a tremendous shift in the past week in the expectations for a March rate hike. It’s gone from a 27% chance of a March 15 rate hike being priced in last Friday. By Wednesday morning, after Trump’s speech, it was 70%! And we close out the week with an 80% chance of a hike this month.
That additional bump came today on a speech and Q&A session from Janet Yellen today. Here’s the expectations bar she chose to set: She said the Fed would likely be moving faster than it had in 2015 and 2016. It should be said that they only hiked once in 2015 and 2016 because their forecasts proved grossly overly optimistic and they had to adjust on the fly. So they’ve already told us, back in December, that they think it will be three times this year. That’s faster than one. And today she reiterated that today.
And today she also said that if the data continued to improve as they forecast, they can hike this month.
Now, they have a post-FOMC meeting press conference scheduled FOUR more times this year (March, June, September and December). Despite what they suggest, that they could hike at any meeting and just call an impromptu press conference, they would be crazy to introduce such a surprise in markets. Stability and confidence work in their favor. Surprises threaten stability and confidence.
So if they indeed hike three times, they have a narrow window. And if they think they need to hike faster, because perhaps fiscal policy accelerates growth and inflation, they may need to keep the December meeting open for a fourth hike.
But, Yellen and company have recently gone out of their way to tell us that they are not even factoring in fiscal stimulus and deregulation (growth policies) into their view on the economy. They’ll believe when they see it and take that information as it comes, which puts them in an even more vulnerable position to needing more tightening this year, if you take them at their word and trust their forecasting abilities.
So with that in mind, why has the Fed become so bulled up on interest rate picture since December? Is it because the inflation and jobs data has gotten that much better? The unemployment rate has been below 6% (the Fed’s original target) since September of 2014 and below 5% for the past year. And the core inflation rate has been above 2% since November of 2015, which includes all year last year, when the Fed was reversing course on its promises for a big tightening year. That’s near normal employment in the Fed’s eyes and above its target for inflation – a clear signal to normalize interest rates. But they’ve barely budged.
Why? Because last year the global economy looked vulnerable. With that, they threw every other guiding data point out the window and went back to playing defense. And as recent as August of last year, the Fed messaging was quite dovish. What’s the biggest difference between now and then? The prospects of major fiscal stimulus – precisely what they say they are leaving out of their forecasts for now.
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Remember, it wasn’t too long ago that the world was sitting on every word uttered by a central banker. Those days are likely over — at least to the extreme extent of the past decade. For now, Trump has supplanted central bankers as the most powerful policy maker in the world.
Still, the Fed will meet following their rate hike last month, the second in their very slow hiking cycle – 1/4 point hike twelve months apart. They’ll do nothing this week, but the data tends to be going as desired by the Fed, and other major central banks for that matter (aside from Japan) — meaning, inflation has recovered and is nearing the target zone.
Remember, this time last year, the world was staring down the barrel of DE-flation again. Inflation, central bankers have tools to combat. Deflation is far more difficult, and far less predictable. It can spiral and grind economies to a halt. When consumers are convinced prices will be cheaper in the future, they wait. When they wait, economic activity stalls. With that, deflation tends to create more deflation. The fear of that scenario, and the potential of an irreversible spiral, is why central bankers were cutting rates to negative territory last year.
Where was the imminent deflationary threat coming from? Slow economic activity, but mostly a crash in oil prices.
Central bankers have the tendency to change the rules of the game when it suits them. When inflation is running hot, they may hold off on tightening money by pointing to hot “food and energy” prices. These are temporary influences, as they say. Interestingly, they are much more aggressive, though, when oil prices are creating a deflationary threat – as they did last year.
With that, oil prices have doubled from the lows of last February. So it shouldn’t be too surprising that inflation numbers are rising, and getting close to the desired targets (around 2%) of the central bankers of the U.S., Europe and England.
So will we see a turning point for global central banks (not just the Fed) in the months ahead? The world has already been pricing in the likelihood that the pro-growth policies coming from the Trump administration will take the burden of manufacturing economic recovery off of the central banks.
But we may find that “transitory oil prices” will be the excuse for more inaction by the Fed, and continued QE from the ECB and BOE in the months ahead, which may result in a slower pace of rate hikes than both the Fed projected in December and the market has been anticipating.
Higher rates at this stage: 1) creates problems for the housing recovery, 2) promotes more capital flight from emerging markets like China (which means more dollar strength),and 3) threatens to neutralize the fiscal stimulus and reform coming down the pike for the U.S.
In December, the Fed dialed back their talk about letting the economy run hot (i.e. staying well behind the curve on inflation to make sure recovery is robust). We’ll see if they switch gears again and start explaining away the inflation numbers to oil prices.
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The last big market event of the year will be Wednesday, when the Fed decides on rates.
As we’ve discussed, from the bottom in rates earlier this year, the interest rate market has had an enormous move. That has a lot of people worried about 1) a tightening that has already taken place in the credit markets, and 2) the potential drag it may have on what has been an improving recovery. But remember, we headed into the Fed’s first post-crisis rate hike, last December, with the 10 year yield trading at 2.25%.
And while rates have since done a nearly 100 basis point round trip, we’ll head into this week’s meeting with the 10 year trading around 2.50%. With that, the market has simply priced-in the rate hike this week, and importantly, is sending the message that the economy can handle it.
However, what has been the risk, going into this meeting, is the potential for the Fed to overreact on the interest rate outlook in response to the pro-growth inititiaves coming from the Trump administration. As we found last year, overly optimistic guidance from the Fed has a tightening effect in this environment. People began bracing ealier this year for a slower economy, if not a Fed induced recession, after the Fed projected four rate hikes this year.
The good news is, as we discussed last week, the two voting Fed members that were marched out in front of cameras last week, both toed the line of Yellen’s communications strategy, expressing caution and a slow and reactive path of rate hikes (no hint of a bubbling up of optimism). Again, that should keep the equities train moving in the positive direction through the year end.
In fact, both equities and oil look poised to take advantage of thin holiday markets. We may see a few more percentage points added to stocks before New Years, especially given the catalyst of the Trump tweet. And we may very well see a drift up to $60 in oil in a thin market.
We’ve had the first production cut from OPEC in eight years. And as of this weekend, we have an agreement by non-OPEC producers to cut oil production too. That gapped oil prices higher to open the week, and has confirmed a clean long term technical reversal pattern in oil.
This is a classic inverse head and shoulders pattern in oil. The break of the neckline today projects a move to $77. Some of the best and most informed oil traders in the world have been predicting that area for oil prices since this past summer.
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Over the past few days, some of the most influential investors in the world have publicly shared views on some of their best ideas.First, over the weekend, it was Buffett at his annual shareholders meeting. The take away, as I said yesterday, “stocks are dirt cheap” if you think rates will stay low for longer (i.e. below long term averages). His assumption in that statement is that the Fed’s benchmark rate goes to 3ish% and done – well below the long run average neutral rate of 5%.
