bonds | Billionaire's Portfolio

Bonds Are High Risk-Low Reward

Since stocks dipped last week, I’ve heard the chatter (again) about how a 3% 10-year note has suddenly created a high appetite for Treasurys over stocks (i.e. people are selling stocks in favor of capturing that whopping 3% yield).

But in this post-crisis environment, a rise toward 3% promotes the exact opposite behavior. If you are willing to lend for 10-years locked in at a paltry rate, you are forgoing what is almost certainly going to be a higher rate decade than the past decade. If you need to exit, you’re going to find the price of your bonds (very likely) dramatically lower down the road.

Coming out of a zero-interest rate world, bond prices are going lower/not higher. Here’s the chart of the 10-year Treasury note (price). You can see we’ve now broken the three and a half decade bull market in bonds (yields go up, as bond prices go down) …

stocks

Bottom line: The bond market is the high risk-low reward investment in this environment. And there continues to be plenty of fuel for stock prices as money exits bonds.

Higher Yields Are Telling The Story Of Higher, Hotter Growth

May 15, 3:00 pm EST

The move in the 10-year yield was the story of the day today. Yields broke back above 3% mark, and moved to a new seven-year high.

That fueled a rally in the dollar. And it put pressure on stocks, for the day.

We’re starting to see more economic data roll in, which should continue building the story of a hotter global economy. And it’s often said that the bond market is smarter than the stock market. There’s probably a good signal to be taken from the bond market that has pushed the 10-year yield back to 3% and beyond (today). It’s a story of better growth and growing price pressures, which finally represents confidence and demand in the economy.

From a data standpoint, we’re already seeing early indications that fiscal stimulus may be catapulting the economy out of the rut of the sub-2% growth and deflationary pressures that we dealt with for the decade following the financial crisis. We’ve had a huge Q1 earnings season. We’ve had a positive surprise in the Q1 growth number. The euro zone economy is growing at 2.5% year-over-year, holding toward the highest levels since the financial crisis. And we’ll get Q1 GDP from Japan tonight.

Another key pillar of Trumponomics has been deregulation. On that note, there’s been plenty of carnage across industries since the financial crisis, but no area has been crushed more by regulation than Wall Street. And under the Trump administration, those regulations are getting slashed.

Among the most damaging for big money center banks has been the banning of proprietary trading. That’s a huge driver of bank profitability that has been gone now for the past eight years. But it looks like it’s coming back. Bloomberg reported this morning that the rewrite of the Volcker Rule would drop the language that has kept the banks from short term trading.

That should create better liquidity in markets (less violent swings). And it should drive better profitability in banks. Will it lead to another financial crisis? For my take on that, here’s a link to my piece from last year: The Real Cause Of The Financial Crisis.

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The Bank Of Japan Will Rock The Interest Rate Market, Maybe Tonight

January 22, 7:00 pm EST

We talked last week about the prospects of a government shutdown and the little-to-no impact it would likely have on markets.

Here we are, with a shutdown as we open the week, and stocks are on to new record highs. Oil continues to trade at the highest levels of the past three years. And benchmark global interest rates continue to tick higher.

As we look ahead for the week, fourth quarter earnings will start rolling in this week. But the big events of the week will be the Bank of Japan and European Central Bank meetings. The Bank of Japan (the most important of the two) meets tonight.

Remember, we’ve talked about the disconnect we’ve had in government bond yields, relative to the recovering global economy and strong asset price growth (led by stocks). And despite five Fed rate hikes, bond yields haven’t been tracking the moves made by the Fed either. The U.S. 10-year government bond yield finished virtually unchanged for the year in 2017.

That’s because the monetary policy in Japan has been acting as an anchor to global interest rates. Their policy of pegging their 10-year yield at zero, has created an open ended, unlimited QE program in Japan. That means, as the forces on global interest rates pulls Japanese rates higher, away from zero, they will, and have been buying unlimited amounts of Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs) to force the yield back toward zero. And they do it with freshly printed yen, which continues to prime the global economy with fresh liquidity.

So, as we’ve discussed, when the Bank of Japan finally signals a change to that policy, that’s when rates will finally move–and maybe very quickly.

If they choose, tonight, to signal an end of QE could be coming, even if it’s a year from now, the global interest rate picture will change immediately. With that in mind, here’s a look at the U.S. ten year yields going in …

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The Next Big Adjustment Will Be In Rates

January 22, 9:00 am EST

Last week we talked about the big adjustment we should expect to come in the inflation picture. With oil above $60 and looking like much higher prices are coming, and with corporate tax cuts set to fuel the first material growth in wages we’ve seen in a long time (if not three decades), this chart (inflation expectations) should start moving higher…

And with that, market interest rates should finally make a move. As we discussed last week, we will likely have a 10-year yield with a “3” in front of it before long.

Yields have already popped nearly a quarter point since the beginning of the year. But that’s just (finally) reflecting the December Fed rate hike. What hasn’t been reflected in rates, as it has in stocks, is the different growth and wage pressure outlook this year, thanks to the tax cut. Last year, people could argue it wasn’t going to happen. This year, it’s in motion. And the impact is already showing up. We should expect it to show in the inflation data, sooner rather than later.

With that, today we’re knocking on the door of a big breakout in rates (as you can see in the chart below) — which comes in at 2.65%…

As we’ve discussed, the anchor for the benchmark U.S. 10-year yield (and for global rates), even in the face of a more optimistic global economic growth outlook, has been Japan’s unlimited QE (driven by its policy to peg its 10-year at a yield of zero). On that note, last week, the former head of the central bank in India, Raghuram Rajan (a highly respected former central banker), said he thinks both Europe and Japan will exit emergency policies sooner than people think. That’s a positive statement on the global economy and a warning that global rates should finally start moving.

Shorting The German Bond Market May Be The Most Lucrative Trade Of The Year

January 11, 4:00 pm EST

Yesterday we talked about the move underway in interest rates. And we talked about the media’s (and Wall Street’s) desperate need to fit a story to the price.

On that note, they had been attributing rising U.S. rates to a vaguely attributed report from Bloomberg that suggested China might find our bonds less attractive. As I said, that type of speculation and chatter isn’t new (i.e. not news). Not only was it not news, China called it “fake news” today.

But as we discussed yesterday, rates are on the move for some very simple fundamental reasons. It’s the increasing probability that we will have the hottest U.S. and global growth in the post-crisis era, this year — underpinned by fiscal stimulus. And that’s inflationary. That’s bullish for interest rates (bearish for bonds).

So, again, money may just be in the early stages of moving OUT of bonds and cash, and BACK into stocks.

But, as we’ve also discussed, the real catalyst that will unshackle market interest rates from (still) near record low levels (globally) is the end of global QE.

And that will be determined by the central banks in Europe and Japan. On that note, the European Central Bank has already reduced its monthly asset purchases (announced last October), and they’ve announced a potential end date for QEin September of 2018. This morning, we heard the minutes from the most recent ECB meeting. And the overwhelming focus, was on stepping up the communication about the exit (the end of emergency policies). And don’t be surprised if European governments follow the lead of the U.S. with tax cuts to accompany the exit of QE.

In support of this outlook, the World Bank just stepped up growth expectations for the global economy for 2018 to 3.1%, saying 2018 is on track to be the first year since the financial crisis that the global economy will be operating at full capacity.

With the above in mind, you can see in this next chart just how disconnected the interest rate market is from the economic developments.

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Break Of Nearly 40-Year Downtrend In Rates Was Cemented On Election Night

January 10, 4:00 pm EST

We talked yesterday about the move underway in market interest rates. Today the yield on the 10-year touched 2.60%. That’s the highest levels since March of last year.

For perspective, let’s take a look at the chart …

Suddenly, rates are all the media can talk about. They specialize in trying to find a story to fit the price.

With that, many have been attributing rising U.S. rates to a vague report out of China. This is from Bloomberg: “Senior government officials in Beijing reviewing the nation’s foreign-exchange holdings have recommended slowing or halting purchases of U.S. Treasurys, according to people familiar with the matter.”

There’s nothing new about this notion that China could find our bonds less attractive. It has been ongoing chatter for the past decade.

What’s driving interest rates is simple. It’s the increasing probability that this year we will have the hottest U.S. and global growth in the post-crisis era. And with that, commodities prices are rising.

And contributing to all of this (not in a small way), is fiscal stimulus, within which, a corporate tax cut should finally get wages moving higher. This is all inflationary. And this is all bullish for interest rates (bearish for bonds).

So, as I said last week, despite the quadrupling of the stock market, money may just be in the early stages of moving OUT of bonds and cash, and BACK into stocks.

With that, let’s take a look at a longer term picture of rates…

The chart above is a look at the nearly 40-year downtrend in interest rates. You could argue this downtrend broke in 2013, when the Fed said it would begin dialing down it’s QE program (the taper tantrum). But rates went on to make new lows, as the economy continued to flounder under the inability of central banking firepower to get the economy out of stall speed growth. Alternatively, you could argue this multi-decade downtrend in rates broke on election night (2016), when the idea of big, bold (do whatever it takes to get the economy moving) fiscal stimulus was introduced in the U.S.

The question is, if we do indeed get hotter growth, and we get a pick up in inflation, at what point will that formula stop feeding into hotter markets and hotter growth, and start choking off recovery through higher rates. I suspect it could be a couple of years away, given the ground the economy needs to make up for lost time.

Oil Projecting $80, Rates Will Follow

January 9, 4:00 pm EST

Interest rates are on the move today. So is oil. And the latter has a lot to do with the former.

For much of the past quarter we’ve talked about how disconnected the interest rate market has been from the stock market and the economy.

With stocks putting up 20% last year, the economy growing at close to 3% and unemployment at 4%, and with FIVE Fed rate hikes now in this tightening cycle, the yield on the 10-year Treasury has defied logic.

But as we’ve discussed, we should expect that logic to be a little warped when we’re coming out of an unprecedented global economic crisis that was combatted by an unprecedented and globally coordinated monetary policy. And that continues to create dislocations in financial markets. Specifically, when global central banks continue to print money, and indiscriminately buy U.S. Treasurys with that freshly printed money (i.e. the dollars the trade for it), they will keep market rates pinned down. And they have done just that. Of course, that helps fuel the U.S. and global recovery, as it keeps borrowing and service rates cheap for things like mortgages, consumer loans, corporate debt and sovereign debt.

But last month, we talked about where the real anchor now exists for global interest rates. It’s in Japan. As long as Japan is pegging the yield on the 10-year Japanese government bond at zero, they will have license to print unlimited yen, and buy unlimited global government bonds, and anchor rates.

What would move Japan off of that policy? That’s the question. When they do abandon that policy (pegging JGB yields at zero), it will signal the end of QE in Japan and the end of global QE. Rates will go on a tear.

With that the architect of the stimulus program in Japan, Shinzo Abe, said today that he would keep the pedal to the metal, but indicated a possibility that they could achieve their goal of beating deflation this year.

That sent global rates moving. The benchmark 10-year yield jumped to 2.54% today, the highest since March of last year.

Another big influence on rates is, and will be, the price of oil. As we’ve discussed, the price of oil has played a huge role in the Fed’s view toward inflation. And that influence (of oil prices) on the inflation view is shared at other major central banks.

On that note, oil broke above $63 today, the highest levels since 2014.

Remember we looked at this chart for oil back in November, which projected a move toward $80.

With oil now up 26% from November, here’s an updated look …

Why Yields Have Done Nothing Despite Five Fed Rate Hikes

December 14, 2:19 pm EST

The Fed decided to hike interest rates by another quarter point yesterday. That was fully telegraphed and anticipated by markets. That’s the third rate hike this year, and the fifth in the post-crisis rate hiking cycle.

Still, the yield on the 10-year Treasury note (the benchmark market determined interest rate), moved lower today, not higher — and sits unchanged for the year.

We talked earlier in the week about the biggest central bank event of the month. It wasn’t the Fed, but it will be in Japan next week. Japan’s policy on pegging their 10-year yield at zero has been the anchor on global interest rates.

When they signal a change to that policy, that’s when rates will finally move.

With this divergence between what the Fed is doing (setting rates) and what market rates are doing (market-determined), people have become convinced that the interest rate market is foretelling a recession coming — i.e. short term rates have been rising, while longer term rates have been quiet, if not falling. For example, when the Fed made it’s first rate hike in December of 2015, the 30-year government bond yield was 3%. Today, after five rate hikes on the overnight Fed determined interest rate, the 30-year is just 2.72% (lower, not higher than when the Fed started).

This dynamic has created a flattening yield curve. That gets people’s attention, because historically, when the yield curve has inverted (short term rates rise above long term rates), recession has followed every time since 1950, with one exception in the late 60s.

And it turns out, this “flattening of the yield curve” indicator, historically (and ultimate inversion, when it happens), is typically driven by monetary policy (i.e. rate hikes — check). In these cases, the market anticipates the Fed killing growth and eventually leading rate cuts! They find more certainty and stability in owning longer term bonds (leaving short term bonds pushing those rates up and moving into long term bonds, pushing those rates down — inverting the curve).

The question, is that the case this time? Or is this time different. It’s rarely a good idea in markets to think this time is different than the past. But in this case, following trillions of dollars of central bank intervention and a near implosion in the global economy, it’s probably safe to say that this time is certainly different than past recessions. Though the Fed is in a hiking cycle, rates remain well below long term averages. And, as we know, we have unconventional monetary policies at work in other key areas of the world — stoking liquidity, growth and skewing demand for U.S. Treasuries (which suppresses those long term interest rates).

So the flattening yield curve fears are probably misplaced, especially given big fiscal stimulus is coming. And when Japan moves off of its “zero yield policy,” the U.S. yield curve may steepen more quickly than people think is possible.

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Should We Brace For Some Financial Market Waves?

November 14, 2017, 4:00pm EST

BR caricature As we’ve discussed, in the post-election world (of last year) we’ve had a passing of the baton from a global economy driven by monetary policy, to a global economy driven by structural reform and fiscal stimulus.

With the anticipation of fiscal stimulus, the election represented the end of the QE-era. With that, the top central bankers in the world (Fed, ECB, BOJ, BOE) met today and had a coordinated message to that effect. Just as they coordinated their QE programs to stabilize the world and manufacture recovery, they vowed to coordinate on the exit of QE.

Still, Europe has more work to do before following the Fed’s lead on “normalizing” rates. And Japan will be far behind Europe in ending QE. But that message of coordination should keep global (market) interest rates moving higher.

We’ve talked in recent days about the pockets of selling in global markets. Last week it was junk bonds, then Japanese stocks, then Treasurys and then gold. Today it was commodities, led by oil. Oil was down 2.4% on the day. And the dollar was lower (not higher, as some might expect with commodities moving lower).

Meanwhile, the big U.S. market indices couldn’t be shaken and the Treasury market was very quiet. These intermarket relationships haven’t been normal. And that should raise some eyebrows about elevating risk.

We’ve talked in recent days about the influence that we may be seeing in markets from Saudi Arabia’s move to investigate (potentially seize) up to $800 billion of wealth from high profile officials accused of fleecing the country.

The proxy for global market stability, throughout the past decade (the crisis and post-crisis era), has been U.S. stocks. So as long as U.S. stocks are holding up, people continue to ignore some of these “risk” signs. But give it a 2% down day and suddenly the observables may become observed.

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The Saudi Asset Grab May Be Forcing Selling Across Global Stocks, Bonds, Gold

November 13, 2017, 4:00pm EST

BR caricature Into the latter part of last week, we had some indiscriminate selling in some key markets. First it was Japanese stocks that followed a new 25-year high with a 1,100 point drop. Then we had some significant selling in junk bonds and U.S. Treasuries. And then four million ounces of gold was sold in about a 10 minute period on Friday.

Markets were tame today, but as I said on Friday, the potential ripples from the political shakeup and related asset freeze in Saudi Arabia is a risk that still doesn’t seem to be given enough attention. I often talk about the many fundamental reasons to believe stocks can go much higher. But experience has shown me that markets don’t go in a straight line. There are corrections along the way, and we haven’t had one in a while.

With that said, since 1946, the S&P 500 has had a 10% decline about once a year (according to American Funds research).

The largest decline this year has been only 3.4%.

I could see a scenario play out, with forced selling related to the Saudi events, that looks a lot like this correction in 2014.

This chart was fear driven – when the Ebola fears were ramping up. You can see how quickly the slide accelerated. The decline hit 10% on the nose, and quickly reversed. Fear and forced selling are great opportunities to buy-into. This decline was completely recovered in 30 trading days.

We constantly hear predictions of impending corrections, pointing to all of the clear evidence that should drive it, but corrections are often caused by events that are less pervasive in the market psyche. The Saudi story would qualify. And we’re in a market that is underpricing volatility at the moment – with the VIX sitting only a couple of points off of record lows (i.e. little to no fear). Forced liquidations can create some fear.