There has been a lot of attention over the past couple of days on China and trade relations.
China has moved down tariffs on auto and auto parts imports. And a source today said the government has “encouraged” China’s largest oil refiner to buy more U.S. crude oil. Based on the reports, China is now taking about 8 times the daily volume of U.S. crude imports, compared to averages a few months ago.
These are concessions! This is a distinct power shift. Not long ago, the world was afraid to rattle the cage of China. They (global trading partners) tiptoed around touchy matters like Chinese currency manipulation prior to the global financial crisis a decade ago, and even more so after the crisis.
But now, you can see the leverage that has been created by Trump. This is exactly what we talked about the day after the election.
Here’s an excerpt from my November 9, 2016 ProPerspectives note, back when the experts were predicting Draconian outcomes for poking the China giant: “As we’ve seen with Grexit and Brexit, the votes came with dire warnings, but have resulted in creating leverage. Trump’s complaints about China are right. And a threat of slapping a tariff on Chinese goods creates leverage from which to negotiate.”
Now, we have an economy that is leading the global economic recovery. China wants and needs to be part of it. And we have a President that has a loud bark, and the credibility to bite. And that is creating movement. Let’s revisit, also from one of my 2016 notes, why this China negotiation is so important …
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 2016
China’s biggest and most effective tool is and always has been its currency. China ascended to the second largest economy in the world over the past two decades by massively devaluing its currency, and then pegging it at ultra-cheap levels.
Take a look at this chart …
In this chart, the rising line represents a weaker Chinese yuan and a stronger U.S. dollar. You can see from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s, the value of the yuan declined dramatically, an 82% decline against the dollar. China trashed its currency for economic advantage—and it worked, big time. And it worked because the rest of the world stood by and let it happen.
For the next decade, the Chinese pegged its currency against the dollar at 8.29 yuan per dollar (a dollar buys 8.29 yuan).
With the massive devaluation of the 1980s into the early 1990s, and then the peg through 2005, the Chinese economy exploded in size. It enabled China to corner the world’s export market, and suck jobs and foreign currency out of the developed world. This is precisely what Donald Trumpis alluding to when he says ‘China is stealing from us.’
China’s economy went from $350 billion to $3.5 trillion through 2005, making it the third largest economy in the world.
This next chart is U.S. GDP during the same period. You can see the incredible ground gained by the Chinese on the U.S. through this period of mass currency manipulation.
And because they’ve undercut the world on price, they’ve become the world’s Wal-Mart (sellers to everyone) and have accumulated a mountain for foreign currency as a result. China is the holder of the largest foreign currency reserves in the world, at more than $3 trillion dollars (mostly U.S. dollars). What do they do with those dollars? They buy U.S. Treasurys, keeping rates low, so that U.S. consumers can borrow cheap and buy more of their goods—adding to their mountain of currency reserves, adding to their wealth and depleting the U.S. of wealth (and the cycle continues).
This is the recipe for big trade imbalances — lopsided economies too dependent upon either exports or imports. And it’s the recipe for more cycles of booms and busts … and with greater frequency.”
Again, China has to be dealt with. And we’re starting to see signs of progress on that front. Good news.
Yesterday we talked the set up for a turn in the dollar (lower) and in commodities (higher). The broad commodities index hit a fresh three-year high yesterday, and hit another one today – led by natural gas and copper.
This is where we will likely see the next big boom: commodities.
Throughout the post-financial crisis period, we’ve had a disconnect between what has happened in global asset prices (like the recovery in stocks and real estate) and commodities.
Stocks have soared back to record highs. Real estate has fully recovered in most spots, if not set new records. But commodities have been dead. That’s because inflation has been dead.
And that has created this massive dislocation in valuation between commodities and stocks.
You can see in this chart below from Goehring and Rozenzwajg.
The only two times commodities have been this cheap relative to stocks was at the depths of the Great Depression in the early 30s and at the end of the Bretton Woods currency system in the early 70s. Commodities went on a tear both times.
The last time commodities were this cheap, relative to stocks, a broad basket of commodities returned 50% annualized for the next four years – up seven-fold over 10 years. With the economy heating up, and inflation finally nearing the Fed’s target, it’s time for commodities prices to finally catch up.
Last week, rising market interest rates in the U.S. were becoming a concern. But as we discussed on Friday, we ended the week with a big bearish reversal signal in the 10-year yield. This week, the market focus seems to be shifting toward a lower dollar and higher commodities.
Friday’s bearish signal in rates seems to have foreshadowed the news coming into today’s session, that Italy is putting forward an agreement for a coalition government that would break compliance from EU rules (an “Italy first” approach to an economic and social agenda).
That has created some flight to safety in the bond market. You can see in this chart below, money moving out of Italian bonds (yields go up) and into German bonds (yields go down).
And that means money goes into U.S. Treasuries too. So you can see U.S. yields (the purple line in the chart below) backing off of the highs of last week, and with room to move back toward 3% (or below) if this dynamic in Italy continues to elevate the risk environment.
Now, with the rate picture softening, the dollar may be on the path of softening too. That would be a welcome site for emerging market currencies. We discussed last week how the push higher in U.S. yields was putting pressure on emerging market currencies. And the combination of weaker currencies and higher dollar-denominated oil prices was a recipe for economic strain.
Today, Larry Kudlow, the Chief Economic Advisor to the White House, carefully crafted a response on the dollar, as to not say they favored it “stronger.” That’s probably enough, given the rising risks in emerging markets, to get the dollar moving lower (to alleviate some of the pain of buying dollar-denominated oil for some of the EM countries).
And it may be the signal for commodities to start moving again. Because most commodities are priced in dollar, commodities prices tend to be inversely correlated to the dollar.
Today we had a fresh three-year high in the benchmark commodities index (the CRB Index).
Here’s an excerpt from one of my Forbes Billionaire’s Portfolio notes back in June, on the building momentum for commodities: “The technology sector minted billionaires over the past decade. It’s in commodities that I think we’ll see the new billionaires minted over the next decade. The only two times commodities have been this cheap relative to stocks was at the depths of the Great Depression in the early 30s and at the end of the Bretton Woods currency system in the early 70s. Commodities went on a tear both times.”
We’ve talked this week about the pressure that rising U.S. market interest rates are putting on emerging markets.
The fear surrounding the big 3% marker for U.S. 10-year yields is that 3% may quickly become 4%. And a 4% yield, much less a quick adjustment in this key benchmark interest rate, would cause some problems.
Not only does it create capital flight out of areas of the world where rates are low, and monetary policy is heading the opposite direction of the Fed, but a quick move to a 4% yield on the 10-year would certainly cloud the U.S. economic growth picture, as higher mortgage and consumer borrowing rates would start chipping away at economic activity.
With that said, we may have a reprieve with the action today in the bond market.
As we head into the weekend, today we get a softening in the rates market. And that came with a big technical reversal pattern (an outside day).
You can see in the chart above, the engulfing range of the day. This technical phenomenon, when closing near the lows, is a very good predictor of tops and bottoms in markets, especially with long sustained trends.
I suspect we may have seen some global central bank buyers of our Treasurys today (which puts downward pressure on yields) to take a bite out of the momentum. We will see if this quiets the rate market next week, for a drift back down to 3%. That would calm some of the nerves in global currencies, and global markets in general.
We talked yesterday about the building pressure in emerging markets, driven by weakening currencies and rising dollar-denominated oil prices.
With that bubbling up as a potential shock risk, gold hasn’t exactly been telling the story of elevated risks.
You can see in this chart above, since the tax cuts were passed in late 2017, rates have been rising (the purple line). This is a hotter economy, pick-up in inflation story. And, as it should, gold stepped higher with rates all along–until the last few weeks. You can see the divergence in the chart above.
I suspect we’ll see gold snap back to reflect some increasing market risks, and especially to reflect a world where central banks are beginning to finally see inflation pressures build. The gold bugs loved gold when inflation was dead. And now that it’s building, they are surprisingly very quiet.
We’ve talked about the stock market’s discomfort with the 3% mark in rates. People have been concerned about whether the U.S. economy can withstand higher rates–the impact on credit demand and servicing. That fear seems to be subsiding.
But often the risk to global market stability is found where few are looking. That risk, now, seems to be bubbling up in emerging market currencies. We have a major divergence in global monetary policies (i.e. the Fed has been normalizing interest rates while the rest of the world remains anchored in emergency level interest rates). That widening gap in rates, creates capital flight out of low rate environments and in to the U.S.
That puts upward pressure on the dollar and downward pressure on these foreign currencies. And the worst hit in these cases tend to be emerging markets, where foreign direct investment in these countries isn’t very loyal (i.e. it comes in without much commitment and leaves without much deliberation).
You can see in this chart of the Brazilian real, it has been ugly …
Oil has become the potential breaking point here. At $40-oil maybe these countries hang in there until the global economic recovery heats up to the point where they can begin raising rates without crushing growth (and with a closing rate gap, their currencies begin attracting capital again). But at $70-oil, their weak currencies make their dollar-denominated energy requirements very, very expensive. They’ve had nearly a double in oil over the past ten months, and a 15% drop in their currency since January (in the case of Brazil).
Something to watch, as a lynchpin in this EM currency drama, is the Hong Kong dollar. Hong Kong has maintained a trading band on its currency since 2005 that is now sitting on the top of the band, requiring a fight by the central bank to maintain it. If they find that spending their currency reserves on defending their trading band is a losing proposition, and they let the currency float, then we could have another shock event for global markets, as these EM currencies adjust and their foreign-currency-denominated debt becomes a default risk. This all may force the rest of the global economy to start following the Fed’s lead on interest rates earlier then they would like to (to begin closing that rate gap, and avoid a shock event).
The move in the 10-year yield was the story of the day today. Yields broke back above 3% mark, and moved to a new seven-year high.
That fueled a rally in the dollar. And it put pressure on stocks, for the day.
We’re starting to see more economic data roll in, which should continue building the story of a hotter global economy. And it’s often said that the bond market is smarter than the stock market. There’s probably a good signal to be taken from the bond market that has pushed the 10-year yield back to 3% and beyond (today). It’s a story of better growth and growing price pressures, which finally represents confidence and demand in the economy.
From a data standpoint, we’re already seeing early indications that fiscal stimulus may be catapulting the economy out of the rut of the sub-2% growth and deflationary pressures that we dealt with for the decade following the financial crisis. We’ve had a huge Q1 earnings season. We’ve had a positive surprise in the Q1 growth number. The euro zone economy is growing at 2.5% year-over-year, holding toward the highest levels since the financial crisis. And we’ll get Q1 GDP from Japan tonight.
Another key pillar of Trumponomics has been deregulation. On that note, there’s been plenty of carnage across industries since the financial crisis, but no area has been crushed more by regulation than Wall Street. And under the Trump administration, those regulations are getting slashed.
Among the most damaging for big money center banks has been the banning of proprietary trading. That’s a huge driver of bank profitability that has been gone now for the past eight years. But it looks like it’s coming back. Bloomberg reported this morning that the rewrite of the Volcker Rule would drop the language that has kept the banks from short term trading.
That should create better liquidity in markets (less violent swings). And it should drive better profitability in banks. Will it lead to another financial crisis? For my take on that, here’s a link to my piece from last year: The Real Cause Of The Financial Crisis.
A few weeks ago, the markets were skittish about elevated oil prices and 3% yields. Now we have oil above $70 and yields comfortably hanging around 3%, yet stocks appear to be in a solid post-correction recovery, now up 8% from the February lows.
Meanwhile the VIX has fallen back to pre-correction levels.
What about gold, another proxy on risk? Gold has been quiet, despite the correction in stocks. But that has a lot to do with bitcoin. Bitcoin has become the gold substitute.
Let’s take a look at the behavior of bitcoin, and the bitcoin/gold relationship.
You can see here, when the bitcoin frenzy was running hot late last year, gold was moving lower, as bitcoin was climbing to record highs.
The bitcoin mania peaked almost to the day they launched bitcoin futures, which allowed hedge funds to begin shorting it. And since, we’ve had this chart …
Bottom line: If we look at the rise in bitcoin as the proxy on risk-aversion (as a gold substitute), then this downtrend of the past five months supports the VIX chart and the stock market recovery. That said, given the mass speculation in bitcoin, if we were to get a sharp collapse, it would likely trigger risk aversion in global markets.
Over the past two Friday’s we’ve stepped events and conditions that have built the case that that “all-clear” signal has been given for stocks.
We are 91% through S&P 500 earnings for Q1 and the positive surprises have continued to roll in, on both earnings growth and revenue growth. Q1 GDP growth had a positive surprise, to reflect an economy that is running very close to 3% over the past three quarters. The important FAANG stocks all beat on earnings and beat on revenues for Q1. And the big jobs report last Friday did NOT come with a hot wage growth number, which keeps the inflation outlook tame.
Now we have very compelling technical confirmation that a resumption of the big secular bull trend for stocks is resuming. This correction has given everyone a long time to get on board. But it looks like the train is leaving the station.
Here’s a look at the S&P 500 ….
This bull trend in stocks from the oil-price crash induced lows of 2016 remains intact. The trendline tested and held three times in this recent correction, as did the 200-day moving average. And yesterday we had a big break of this trendline that represents this correction of the past three months. This has been textbook technical confirmation of a price correction within a strong bull trend.
Here’s the Dow chart we looked at on Wednesday …
And here’s the latest as we end the week, as the momentum from that trend break continues …
U.S. stocks are being valued right at the long-term P/E, at about 16 times forward earnings. Stocks in the UK, Germany and Japan are all trading closer to 13 times forward earnings. That’s cheap relative to long-term averages, and especially cheap (including U.S. stocks), in ultra-low interest rate environments. For perspective, Japanese stocks are recovering back toward the highest levels in more than 25 years, yet the forward P/E on Japanese stocks is closer to the lowest levels over the period. Stocks are cheap, and this correction has been a gift to get all of the onlookers on board.
With oil above $70, today I want to revisit my note from February where we looked at billionaire-owned energy stocks that have the potential to double on higher oil prices (that note is below with updates or you can see it published here).
As I wrote that note, crude oil was trading at $63. This morning it traded close to $72. And more importantly, with the supply disruption (in the renewed Iran sanctions) combined with an already undersupplied market, we now have the recipe for a melt-UP in oil prices. That creates big opportunities in oil exploration, production and services companies (still).
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2018
We’ve talked quite a bit over the past year about this $100 oil thesis from the research-driven commodities investors Goehring and Rozencwajg.
As they said in their recent letter, “we remain firmly convinced that oil-related investments will offer phenomenal investment returns. It’s the buying opportunity of a lifetime.”
With that, let’s take a look at some favorite energy stocks of the most informed and influential billionaire investors:
David Einhorn of Greenlight Capital has about 5% of his fund in Consol Energy (CNX). Mason Hawkins of Southeastern Asset Management is also in CNX. He has 9% of his fund in the stock, his third largest position. The last time oil was $100, CNX was a $36 stock. That’s more than a double from current levels. [Update: this is still a potential double, last price in CNX is $15.70.]
Carl Icahn’s biggest position is in energy. He has 12% of his fund in CVR Energy (CVI), which is 82% of the company. The last time oil was $100, CVI was $49. That’s 58% higher than current levels. [Update: last price on CVI is $40.60, driven higher by Icahn’s influence on a favorable EPA ruling.]
Paul Singer of Elliott Management’s third largest position is an oil play: Hess Corp. (HESS). It’s a billion-dollar stake, and the stock was twice as valuable the last time oil prices were $100. [Update: last price on Hess is $63, up significantly from my Feb note, but Hess was a $100+ stock the last time crude oil was traded at $100.]
Andreas Halvorsen of Viking Global Investors has the biggest position in his $16-billion fund in EnCana Corp. (ECA). The stock was around $25 last time oil was $100. It currently trades at $14. [Update: last price on ECA is $17.]
