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March 5, 2025

We talked yesterday about the fiscal spending spree in Europe.
 
It's bigger now.
 
In coordination with the European Commission's 800 billion euro "defense funding" plan, the German government has announced a 500 billion euro plan to contribute to the euro-wide defense funding AND to fund infrastructure.
 
So, this is a debt deluge in Europe, and it comes only a little more than a decade removed from a sovereign debt crisis in Europe.
 
As we discussed yesterday, what averted the debt crisis from becoming a cascade of debt defaults and ultimately a collapse of the monetary union (the euro), was intervention by the European Central Bank.  
 
Back in the summer of 2012, Mario Draghi (ECB President) vowed to do "whatever it takes" to save the euro.  He threatened to buy unlimited bonds of the weak euro zone countries, to ward of speculators and bring down the unsustainably high government borrowing rates (particularly of Italy and Spain).
 
Now we have the new leader of the German government invoking the same words when it comes to fiscal spending to defend the continent: "whatever it takes."
 
Is this reorientation in Europe around "whatever it takes" fiscal policy to 1) catch up in AI, and 2) build independence in defense capabilities, a greenlight to buy all things Europe? 
 
Or is it a catalyst for a bond market shock, given the flaws exposed in the monetary union from the global financial crisis?
 
So far, the signals are mixed.
 
The euro has rallied.  German stocks are hanging around record highs. 
 
But the yield on the German 30-year bund had the biggest spike today since 1990.  And the spike in the German 10-year yield (the absolute basis point move) is only matched two other times in the past 13 years, one of which was in late 2011 when Greece was teetering on the edge of default.      
 
 
Keep in mind, Germany is the most rigid fiscal conservative in the euro zone, and the economic engine of Europe. 
 
If relaxing deficit spending constraints for a country with 62% debt-to-GDP and a tiny budget deficit results in a 35-year-event-like bond market penalty, then what does that mean for the French bond market, a fiscally profligate country running a 6% budget deficit with debt well in excess of 100% of GDP?
 
 
As you can see in the chart above, the move in the French 10-year yield today was on par with the Silicon Valley bank crisis period, and the days surrounding the European and UK bond market stress in 2022.  And it's probably just getting started
 
With that, this "whatever it takes" fiscal response in Europe looks less like a greenlight to buy Europe, and more like a European sovereign debt crisis (2.0) risk.  
 

 

 

 

 

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March 4, 2025

Over the past few weeks, Europe has been working up plans for a massive fiscal spending spree.
 
It started last month with a pledge of 50 billion euros for AI infrastructure, in a plan that included 150 billion euros of private investment (likely to be supported by cheap liquidity from the European Central Bank). 
 
And this past weekend, European leaders held emergency meetings to devise a gameplan to backstop Ukraine, if Trump were to end U.S. funding.
 
What's the gameplan?
 
They want to spend 800 billion euros to "rearm" Europe.   
 
To do so, they want to relax the budget deficit limits imposed on member states through Europe's Growth and Stability Pact — allowing them to ramp up defense spending.
 
So, more deficit spending.  More debt. 
 
They think this will get them 650 billion of the 800 billion euros.  And then the European Commission will plug the remaining 150 billion euro gap with loans to member states. 
 
And guess who provides the financial guarantees that allow the European Commission to borrow? 
 
The member states. 
 
So, this is just off-balance sheet borrowing, which effectively compounds the debt burden of member states. 
 
That all said, Europe has its fiscally weak spots, namely Italy and Spain.  And both were on default watch in 2012, only to be saved by a central bank rescue — which, to this point, appears to have become a permanent feature.  
 
What's the point? 
 
For this 800 billion euro funding plan to work, without triggering another European sovereign debt crisis, the ECB will be back in action — more central bank backstops (at least verbal, if not more QE), to tame the bond yields of the fiscally vulnerable countries. 
 
That's bearish for the euro, bullish for gold. 
  

 

 

 

 

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March 3, 2025

Nvidia is down 13% since earnings day.
 
And going into that earnings report we talked about the likelihood that it would serve as a catalyst for some broader stock market weakness (a correction).
 
It looks like we're getting it. 
 
As we discussed, for Nvidia shares, a retracement to the day of the stock-split-announcement (May 22, 2024) would be about $95.  It closed today at $114. 
 
As for the AI-theme-heavy Nasdaq, here's the chart we looked at last week.  Remember, a test of this big trendline that represents the doubling of the Nasdaq, driven by the "ChatGPT moment," would be an 11%-12% correction.  It's down 8% so far.     
 
 
And this all comes as the interest rate market has been flashing warning signals, with the 55 basis point collapse in the 10-year bond yield over just a three week period.  
 
And it's reflected in this chart we look at on Thursday.  This gauge of inflation expectations has plunged
 
 
So, just as Wall Street and the Fed have been handwringing about a reacceleration in inflation, the bond market, and now stock market, may be telling us that disinflationary pressures are stronger. 
 
Remember, the Fed is still holding rates 180 basis points above the rate of inflation (PCE), which means they are putting downward pressure on prices and the economy. 
 
With that, the latest two readings on the Atlanta Fed's GDP model have the economy tracking at a 2.8% contraction in the first quarter (the green line).
 
Add to this, we get the February jobs report on Friday.  The BLS numbers cover up to just the 12th of the prior month, so most of the government job cuts thus far should show up in the next report, in early April
 
But a labor market shock is coming, and it will be (if it isn't already) a drag on growth and price pressures (i.e. disinflationary).
 
Who is on high alert to "unexpected weakness" in the labor market
 
The Fed. 
 
That said, the market is now pricing in a rate cut for June, a cut for September and a chance of a third by year end. 
 
Given the dynamic we've discussed above, the market seems to be underestimating the chance of a cut this month (March 19).

 

 

 

 

 

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February 27, 2025

Going into Nvidia earnings, we talked about the set up for a negative reaction for stocks.

It looks like we’re getting it — and maybe a correction in what has been a very hot run for the stocks of the companies leading the AI revolution.

With that, we end the day with the (tech heavy) S&P 500 sitting on this very significant trendline.

This trendline originates from October 2023, when the Fed signaled the end of the tightening cycle. And they did so because the bond market forced their hand.  The 10-year yield was sitting at 5%, which was the danger zone for financial stability — and stocks were in an 11% correction.

The Fed flinched. Yields fell. Stocks rallied.

Now this big trendline is testing, vulnerable to a break (down).

And it’s happening as yields have just fallen like a stone — down 44 basis points in 11 days.  That’s happened just two other times in the past year, one of which was driven by the carry-trade unwind event in early August of last year.

What’s going on this time?

If we look at this bond market gauge of inflation expectations (next chart), we can see it’s falling sharply (far right of the chart).

Of course, this can happen in this metric when benchmark bond yields take a sharp fall (for a variety of reasons).  On the “variety of reasons” note, if we step back through the chart, we can see the sharp moves lower share the feature of significant events, and subsequent central bank action.

Moving left to right, we had the June 2022 stress in the European sovereign debt market. The ECB had to restart QE (QE by a new name, the “Transmission Protection Instrument”) to stabilize bond markets of the weak euro zone countries.

In September of 2022, it was bond market stress in the UK.  The Bank of England had to intervene, to avert a financial crisis (which would have been global).

And in August of last year, the Bank of Japan took another step toward exiting emergency level policies, announcing plans to exit its role as the global liquidity provider — it induced a liquidity shock for global markets (including an unwind of the carry trade).  And the Bank of Japan was forced to quickly walk it back (verbal intervention, if not actual intervention/asset purchases).

What’s going on this time?

Maybe its the shock to the labor market that’s coming, given the DOGE agenda.

And it will come with a Fed that’s still holding real rates (Fed funds rate minus PCE) at an historically tight level.

The Fed should be communicating to markets that it stands ready to act (ready to ease).

 

 

 

 

 

 

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February 26, 2025

Nvidia reported this afternoon.
 
The data center business is now 90% of Nvidia. 
 
And as we've discussed, the growth in data center revenue has been on a rhythm of about $4 billion a quarter since the second half of 2023.
 
That said, they reported a bump higher in data center revenue in today's report. But, they guided A LOT lower for next quarter.  Did they pull forward some sales to boost the overall data center picture today?  Maybe. 
 
Here's a look at the past six quarters, plus the guidance for next quarter …
 
 
It is indeed the $4 billion drumbeat.
 
Again, while the speed of innovation in AI seems lightning fast, it's being constrained by Nvidia's inability to fulfill at a level that satisfies global demand.  And it's because Taiwan Semiconductor, Nvidia's manufacturing partner, is clearly maxed out (operating at capacity). 
 
With this all in mind, Jensen always delivers a glimpse into the future on his earnings calls. 
 
What did he say? 
 
He said we are just at the beginning of the age of AI – and he said it several times.
 
And just as some have thought the massive capex spending by the tech giants would be slowing down, Jensen implied that there would be endless building of computing capacity. 
 
He said, "going forward, data centers will dedicate most of CapEx to accelerated computing and AI. Data centers will increasingly become AI factories and every company will have one, either renting or self-operated."
 
Surely a bottomless pit of computing demand can't solely be supplied from one company in Taiwan.  This makes the case for a war-time like effort to build advanced-chip making capacity in the U.S.  
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

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February 25, 2025

The big Nvidia earnings are due tomorrow after the market close.
 
And as we discussed in my note yesterday, Nvidia's quarterly growth capacity seems to have hit a wall (constrained by manufacturing capacity).  The market seems to have recognized it, based on the behavior of the stock after last November's earnings release.
 
With that, and given some of the risk-off behavior in markets today, the set of outcomes looks skewed toward negative for Nvidia shares from tomorrow's earnings.  And that would set up as a catalyst for some broader stock market weakness (a correction).
 
With that, let's look at a few charts …
 
 
Above is the chart on Nasdaq futures.  You can see the influence of the "ChatGPT moment" (as coined by Jensen Huang).   A move down to this trendline would represent an 11% correction. 
 
Next, is Nvidia. 
 
A move back to this trendline in Nvidia would be in the low $80s.  A retracement to the day of the stock-split-announcement (May 22, 2024) would be about $95
 
 
This next chart would argue:  If we are in the midst of a correction in the American AI-theme, the movement of capital into Chinese AI—where substantial value opportunities exist—confirms the investor confidence in the AI theme. It's an opportunistic shift towards value, not a retreat from the theme.
 
 
And as I said in my note yesterday, the AI revolution is real and well intact. And a correction in the AI-theme would be a welcome buying opportunity
 

 

 

 

 

 

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February 24, 2025

Nvidia reports on Wednesday.

We head into this report with some perceived gaps having been exposed in the Nvidia armor in the past month.

The “DeepSeek moment” revealed that the large language models can be improved upon, advancing the capabilities of generative AI, without requiring more computing capacity.  So, maybe AI leadership isn’t determined by who gets access to the most Nvidia GPUs?

If that were the case, the hyperscalers (Amazon, Meta, Google, Tesla, Apple) would have flinched.

We heard from them all earlier this month.

They didn’t flinch.

Instead, they are all pressing the accelerator.  If we combine the planned capex spending for 2025, guided by Microsoft, Meta, Google, Tesla, Apple and Amazon — it’s over $300 billion.  It’s huge growth in spend from 2024 — about $100 billion more.

But as we’ve discussed for many quarters now, it’s not a demand issue for Nvidia, it’s a supply issue.

And the clues have been in the Nvidia datacenter revenue growth.  It’s a $4 billion drumbeat.

You can see it here (quarter-to-quarter change within the green box) …

If they maintain the $4 billion quarterly growth through 2025, and deliver everything to the American hyperscalers they still fall short of demand by $100 billion

And stable new revenue dollars every quarter means the growth rate trajectory for Nvidia is down

At $4 billion a quarter, the  year-over-year growth rate falls to under 50% by the second half of 2025. 

 

Now, a little less than 50% growth is still a big number, but the market has already begun to reconsider the valuation.

As you can see in this next chart, the stock put in a top after Q3 earnings last November.  The largest company in the world then proceeded to whipsaw in an 8% range that day (a $300 billion valuation swing).

And then a new top was just barely printed early last month after Jensen’s keynote at the CES conference in Las Vegas.  And then we had this gap lower on the DeepSeek news.  The gap has since filled, heading into Wednesday’s earnings. 

Assuming neither Nvidia nor Taiwan Semiconductor has identified new manufacturing capacity, this chart looks likely to resolve in the direction of this January gap, lower.

That said, the AI revolution is real and well intact. And a correction in the AI-theme would be a welcome buying opportunity. 

 

 

 

 

 

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February 20, 2025

As we discussed last month, policymaking has been intentionally globally synchronized in the post-pandemic era (even much of the post-Global Financial Crisis era).  That includes monetary, fiscal, climate, social, and public health policy. 
 
But that global synchronization has broken, with the "populist" political shakeup in the U.S.
 
And the new, more nationalist policy path taken by the U.S. has almost immediately been reflected in this chart of business sentiment (U.S. relative to Germany) … 

 
 
This divergence is about pro-sovereignty, pro-growth and deregulation vs. diluted sovereignty, slow-to-no growth and excessive regulation.  
 
It's about optimism versus pessimism.
 
And with that, we talked about the prospects of a populist political shakeup spreading, globally (with Trump-like candidates/policies).
 
It's brewing in Europe. 
 
And with a big snap election this Sunday in Germany, the populist (AfD) candidate is polling around 14 points behind the favored CDU candidate, but has been effective in galvanizing pushback against the government overreach and policy failures of the incumbent regime.
 
Let's take a look at German stocks as we head into this weekend's election.
 
Despite the gloomy German business sentiment we observed in the first chart, and despite posting a second consecutive year of contracting economic growth, German stocks have been on a tear, making new record highs, almost by the day, since late December. 
 
But the DAX put in a bearish technical reversal signal yesterday (an outside day).    

 

 

 

 

 

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February 19, 2025

Yesterday we talked about the move in the price of gold.  It trades around record highs, and is now closing in on $3,000 an ounce.

And we looked back at the bursts higher in the price of gold over the past five years, and the catalysts — which, in all cases, were inflationary policies, from fiscal profligacy.

And as we discussed, this most recent run-up in gold fits the bill — aligning with the January 1st reinstatement of the debt ceiling, a debt ceiling that was shockingly suspended (conveniently through the end of Biden’s term) in a deal made in May of 2023, which led to an explosion of new debt issuance.

So, this brings us back to the discussion we’ve had over the past few months about how the Biden Treasury has left the Trump Treasury with record debt, record debt service, a record peacetime budget deficit, and a third of the debt to refinance in year one of the Trump administration — and with bond yields already at vulnerable levels, with a bond market anticipating an onslaught of supply coming.

It’s all a formula for rising bond yields, which means rising debt service, which means a larger budget deficit, which means an even larger debt load.

And this self-reinforcing cycle (doom loop), left to market forces, has a path: debt downgrades (which we had in 2011), which would drive the cost of debt higher, which would accelerate the cycle (higher deficits, higher debt).

And the three Ds would be the natural progression:  Default, (currency) devaluation, depression.

With all of this said, the sovereign debt doom loop is global.

And the U.S. still has powerful relative strengths, and has plenty of (relative) appeal for global capital.

The most important strength is the world reserve currency status of the dollar.  Having the reserve currency has historically dampened the penalties for fiscal profligacy.

While it clearly can lead to bad behavior, maintaining the dollar’s dominance is paramount.  It provides flexibility in working through problems, such as the ones we have now.

As we’ve discussed through the years, the agreement to trade global oil in U.S. dollars (i.e. “petrodollars”) has been the cornerstone of the dollar’s role as the “world’s reserve currency,” since the end of the gold standard.  And the world reserve currency status has been key in building and sustaining the United States’ position as the economic superpower.

So, the explicit anti-oil policies of the Biden agenda (and global “climate” agenda) were a self-determined path to the loss of reserve currency status of the dollar, and therefore a self-determined destruction of wealth and sovereignty of the United States.

Conversely, Trump made it clear on the campaign trail that he put the highest priority on preserving the dollar’s reserve currency status.  He said, “if you want to go to third world status, lose your reserve currency.”

And Scott Bessent, his Treasury Secretary, made it clear, right up front, in his opening remarks of his Senate confirmation hearing that it’s critical that the dollar remains the world’s reserve currency.  And when recently prodded for an official statement on the dollar he said “there is no alternative to the dollar.”

All good news.

So, aside from embracing oil again and restoring global confidence in America’s economy and global leadership position, what move can the Trump administration make to shore up the dollar’s dominance AND, very importantly, create a new source of very deep demand for Treasuries?

Regulated dollar-based stablecoins (not a central bank digital dollar, but private stablecoins).

So, dollar-denominated cryptocurrency, pegged to the dollar, backed by Treasuries or cash, and with a regulatory framework determined by Congress (with a bank deposit-like safety profile).

This would solve a lot of problems.

   

 

 

 

 

 

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February 18, 2025

Let's talk about gold.
 
The price of gold printed forty new record highs during 2024, on record demand.  That's never happened before. 
 
And it's already hit 16 new record highs in 2025.
 
It's up 12% on the year already, and $3,000 gold is in striking distance.
 
Let's take a look at prior moves of this magnitude during the pandemic/post-pandemic environment …
 
 
As you can see above, gold had a rare magnitude move in mid-April of 2020, in late July of 2020 and in March of 2022.
 
What was going on?  Inflationary policy.  
 
These 2020 dates were pandemic-response related. 
 
Specifically, these spikes in gold aligned with the fiscal response — more specifically, government putting cash in the hands of citizens (checks, unemployment subsidies and the "Paycheck Protection Program).  In July 2020, the unemployment subsidy was due to expire, and was re-upped
 
The gold spike in March of 2022?  Inflationary policy
 
Russia had invaded Ukraine.  Inflation was already nearing double-digits, thanks in part to supply chain disruption, but mostly to the multi-trillion dollar fiscal response to the pandemic.  Adding fuel to the inflation fire, while the clean energy agenda was already curtailing energy supply, Congress' responded to Russia/Ukraine with threats to place sanctions on Russian energy exports 
 
The next spike was March-April of last year.  The culprit?  Inflationary policy
 
It was the $7.3 trillion Biden budget — an egregious 6% deficit spending plan in an economy that was growing at a 3% annual rate.

 
So, what's happening now with gold prices?  
 
As we know, gold tends to be the global safe haven asset, where global capital flows in times of heightened geopolitical risk.  And gold is the historically favored inflation hedge.
 
That said, geopolitical risk and uncertainty have become a constant.  There is plenty to worry about.  Add to this, there are market mechanics issues going on in the gold market — a well-documented large migration of physical gold out of vaults in London and into New York, which is creating delivery delays, and strains on inventory.  
 
But the history of this chart above tells us these extreme moves in gold tend to be better aligned with episodes of overt fiscal profligacy (inflationary policy/devaluation of the money in your pocket).
 
So, what inflationary policies could this recent sharp rise in gold, toward $3,000, be related to?
 
Remember, in the summer of 2023, the Republican-led House agreed to suspend the debt ceiling through 2025.  It gave the Treasury a license to issue unlimited debt for the next two years, which Janet Yellen did, liberally.  
 
That "suspension" of the debt ceiling expired January 1 of this year, just as this recent spike in gold started.