It was two weeks ago when Elon Musk sent this tweet about taking Tesla private…
For a guy that has taken personal offense to the short sellers in the stock, this tweet only emboldened them — and may have been the catalyst that will ultimately prove the shorts right.
Why? If you liked shorting a company that’s lost $6 billion over the past five years, while making the CEO/ founder a billionaire more than 18 times over, you’ll love it when you have an absolute ceiling of $420 to sell against.
And that’s precisely what the shorts have done. They’ve leaned more heavily against the company, as Musk has created an asymmetric outcome for them. As you can see in the chart, it’s working.
As I’ve said in the past, Tesla is among the tech giants that benefited from the Obama administration’s distribution of the massive fiscal stimulus package that followed the global financial crisis. Not only did they get regulatory favor from the government, but they received outright funding — a $465 million loan, at a time the company was broke. And in that economic environment, the big pension funds were happy to follow government money in search of relative security (plowing money into government “sponsored” investments).
Fast forward 10 years and the company is still bleeding money, but Musk is a billionaire! But sentiment has finally begun turning against the company, which is it’s biggest risk. When the investors stop believing in the hype and start demanding real performance, the air can come out of the balloon very quickly.
So, to step out of the scrutiny of public markets, Musk has threatened to take the company private, with the help of Saudi funding. But there’s a new problem. If the Saudis are indeed willing to fund Tesla, Trump may block it. The administration is stepping up protections against allowing U.S. intellectual property to fall into the hands of foreigners. The government may giveth and the government may taketh away, in the case of Tesla.
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With the S&P 500 finally returning to new record highs today, fully recovering the price correction this year, let’s take a look back at the correction, and where stocks can go from here.
As I said in my January 30 note “experience tells us that markets don’t go in a straight line. And with that, we should expect to have dips along the way for this bull market. Since 1946, the S&P 500 has had a 10% decline about once a year on average. A correction here would be healthy and would set the table for hotter earnings and hotter economic growth (coming down the pike) to ultimately drive the remainder of stock returns for the year.”
Fast forward eight months, and we’ve now had a 12% correction. And we’ve since had back-to-back quarters of 20%+ earnings growth, with an economy that is finally growing at better than 3% four-quarter average annualized growth.
Meanwhile, stocks remain cheap. The 10-year yield is still under 3%. And historically, when rates are low (sub 3% is still VERY low), stocks tend to trade north of 20 times earnings. The forward P/E on stocks at the moment is just 17. If we apply a 20x multiple to $170 in forward S&O 500 earnings, we get 3,400 in the S&P. That’s 19% higher.
With that in mind, let’s also revisit my chart on the long term growth rate of the S&P 500.
In the orange line, you can see what the S&P 500 looks like growing at 8% annualized (the long-run average growth rate) from the pre-crisis peak in 2007. This is where stocks should have gone, absent the near global economic apocalypse. And you can see the actual path for stocks in the blue line.
Bottom line: Despite the nice run we’ve had in stocks, off the bottom in 2009, we still have a big gap to make up (the difference between the blue line and the orange line). This is the lost decade for stocks.
This argues for another 28% higher in stocks to fill that gap.
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We have a big earnings week. The tech giants report, along with about a third of the S&P 500. And we get our first look at Q2 GDP.
As we’ve stepped through the year, we’ve had a price correction in stocks, following nearly a decade of central bank policies that propped up stocks. This correction made sense, considering central banks were finally able to make the hand-off to a U.S. led administration that had the will and appetite (and alignment in Congress) to relax fiscal constraints and force the structural reform necessary to promote an economic boom.
From there, for stocks, it became a “prove-it to me” market. Let’s see evidence of this “hand-off” is working — evidence the fiscal stimulus is working. That came in the form of first quarter earnings. This showed us clear benefits of the corporate tax cut. The earnings were hot, and stocks began a recovery.
The next steps, as fiscal stimulus works through the economy, we’ve needed to see that the uptick in sentiment (from the pro-growth policies) is translating into better demand and economic activity. So, with Q2 earnings we should start seeing better revenue growth, companies investing and hiring. And we should see positive surprises beginning to show up in the economic data.
We’re getting it. Almost nine out of ten companies reporting thus far have beat (lofty) earnings expectations. And about eight out of ten have beat on revenues. This week will be important, to solidify that picture. And though many of the economists all along the way of the past year didn’t see big economic growth coming, it has been steadily building since Trump was elected, and the Q2 number should push us to over 3% annual growth (averaging that past four quarters).
Now, let’s talk about the big mover of the day: interest rates. The 10-year yield traded to 2.96% today, closing in on 3% again.
We’ve discussed, many times, the role that Japan continues to play in our interest rate market. Despite 7 hikes by the Fed from the zero-interest-rate-era, our 10 year yield has barely budged. That’s, in large part, thanks to the Bank of Japan.
As I’ve said in the past, “Japan’s policy on pegging its 10-year yield at zero has been the anchor on global interest rates. Forcing their benchmark government bond yield back to zero, in a world where there has been upward pressure on interest rates, has meant that they can, and will, buy unlimited amounts of JGBs to get the job done. That equates to unlimited QE. When they finally signal a change to that policy, that’s when rates will finally move.”
With that in mind, there were reports over the weekend that the Bank of Japan may indeed signal a change in that “yield curve control” policy at their meeting next week. And global rates have been moving!
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We’ve been watching the Chinese currency very closely, as the Chinese central bank has been steadily marking down the value of its currency by the day, in efforts to offset U.S. trade tariffs.
Remember, in China, they control the value of their currency. And they’ve now devalued by 8% against the dollar since March. They moved it last night by the biggest amount in two years. That reduces the burden of the 25% tariff on $34 billion of Chinese goods that went into effect earlier this month.
But Trump is now officially on currency watch. Yesterday in a CNBC interview he said the Chinese currency is “dropping like a rock.” And he took the opportunity to talk down the dollar.
The Treasury Secretary is typically from whom you hear commentary about the dollar. And historically, the Treasury’s position has been “a strong dollar” is in the countries best interest. But Trump clearly doesn’t play by the Washington rule book. So he promoted his view on the dollar (at least his view for the moment)–and it may indeed swing market sentiment.
The dollar was broadly lower today. We’ll see if that continues. If so, it may neutralize the moves of China in the near term. Nonetheless, the U.S./China spat is reaching a fever pitch. Someone will have to blink soon. Trump has already threatened to tax all Chinese imports. The biggest risk from China would be a big surprise one-off devaluation. As we discussed yesterday, that would stir up a response from other big trading partners (i.e. Europe and Japan). And they may coordinate, in that scenario, a threat to block trade from China all together.
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Last week we stepped through all of the components of economic output and talked about the setup for positive surprises. Keep in mind, the economy is running at near a 3% pace already. And if Trumponomics is just in the early stages of materializing in the data on consumption, investment, government spending and exports, then we may be in for a big growth number.
On Friday we talked about the exports (i.e. the trade) component. On that note, the media was stirring over the combative tone from G7 events over the weekend. What I heard was the potential for big movement (i.e. gains on U.S. exports, which will drive gains in GDP). Trump went in and proposed taking down all trade barriers. That’s negotiating from an extreme. And that typically brings about movement. Quickly, trade partners were discussing “reducing” barriers.
With hotter than expected growth coming, how will that effect Fed policy?
We will soon see. The Fed meets this week. They continue their path of normalizing rates. They’ve hiked once in 2015, once in 2016, three times in 2017 and once, thus far, this year. The market is nearly fully pricing in a second hike for the year on Wednesday. And expectations are for another hike in September. We’ll see this week if they’re adjusting uptheir growth forecasts.
As for the rate path: Remember, Powell is a Trump appointee, and from what we’ve heard from him thus far, he sounds like someone that’s not going to risk chipping away at the recovery by jumping ahead with overly aggressive rate hikes. Unlike the last regime, he will likely take a “whites of inflation’s eyes” approach.
We’ve talked about the set up for positive surprises in the data. We’ve looked at the first two components of GDP (consumption and investment) both of which are set up for positive surprises. Today let’s look at government spending.
It’s typical for debt to balloon in economic downturns. Not only did our debt/gdp ratio balloon in the U.S. but it ballooned everywhere. With that, as the global economy was being propped up by central banks, for the better part of the past decade, the politicians were reluctant to help on the fiscal side. Instead, they went the other way. They went the path of austerity. They focused on debt when the economy desperately needed growth.
Fiscal tightening in a widespread global recession is a recipe for tipping it all into depression. That required the central banks to do more, and more, and more to keep the economy from entering into a deflation spiral — fighting the drag of fiscal belt tightening. And it all began tipping over the edge in mid-2016.
But that changed with Trump election. Trumponomics has been all about restoring growth and breaking from the rut of economic stagnation. And a key pillar in that plan has been infrastructure and government spending.
On that note, he’s been pushing for a trillion dollar infracture spend over 10 years. And as we’ve discussed, while adding debt isn’t popular for the politicians to approve, natural disasters last year gave them an excuse to approve spending packages. Fast foward just six months and we’ve had more than $200 billion in aid approved from Congress. And now we’ve had an increase of $400 billion in government spending as part of the lastest government budget.
So the government spending piece has been in motion. And expect the rest of the world to follow. As we’ve discussed in recent weeks, we’ve seen the populist push back across the world, from Grexit, to Brexit, to the Trump vote, and now to the “Italy first” movement. The real fight in the “populist movement” is against economic stagnation. And much of that is due to mistakes on policy in response to the global economic crisis. And the core mistake has been austerity. Growthsolves a lot of problems.
What about the debt?
The media loves to talk about the $20 trillion dollar debt load, as if we are going to default and/or the rest of the world is going to dump our Treasuries and send interest rates skyrocketing and implode our economy.
Government debt and deficits are judged (by global trade partners, allies, global allocators of capital) on a relative basis – size relative to GDP. Again, our debt relative to GDP has ballooned since the global financial crisis. But it also has for everyone else in the world. That’s why people/countries are still plowing money into our Treasury market for virtually no return, because lending the U.S. money is still the safest place and way to preserve wealth.
The only alternative in this post global financial crisis environment is to focus on growth. Growth can solve a lot of problems, including the debt and deficit relative to GDP problems. As growth goes up, our debt relative to size of the economy goes down.
If we get the economy back on a sustainable growth path, then, in good times, we can work on the structural flaws that led us to the crisis. That’s the only option.
So, when we look at the components of GDP, the policy execution in Washington has been driving lift-off in all of the components. And yet the experts have still underetimated the potential for a growth boom. We’ve talked about the positive surprises that are coming down the pike in consumption, investment and govenment spending. Tomorrow, we’ll take a look at the trade piece.
On Friday, we talked about the building momentum in the economy. We’ve already had huge positive surprises in corporate earnings for the first quarter. And we’re probably just beginning to see the positive surprises on economic data roll in.
Remember, despite the execution success on Trumponomics over the past year (deregulation, repatriation, tax cuts and $400 billion in new government spending approved), the Fed is still expecting growth to come in well below trend (3%), at 2.7%. That’s just 20 basis points higher than they projected prior to the execution of massive tax cuts in late December.
The good news: Positive surprises are fuel for confidence and fuel for stocks.
Remember, we’ve yet to have a return of ‘animal spirits’–a level of trust and confidence in the economy that fuels more aggressive hiring, spending and investing. We should see this reflected in wage growth. Wage growth has been the missing piece of the economic recovery puzzle.
On that note, we’re now near the best wage growth in nine years, and that tax rate cut is still in the early stages of working through the economy.
Don’t underestimate the value of confidence in the outlook (and the return of “animal spirits”) to drive economic growth higher than the number crunchers in Washington can imagine. Remember, these are the same experts that couldn’t project the credit bubble, and didn’t project the sluggish ten years that have followed.
Remember, while we’re in the second longest post-War economic expansion, we’ve yet to have the aggressive bounceback in growth that is characteristic of post-recession recoveries. We now have the pieces in place to finally get it.
So, as we’ve discussed throughout the year, the backdrop continues to get better and better for stocks.
As we head into the long holiday weekend, let’s look at some key charts.
First, just a week ago, the U.S. interest rate market was spooking investors, as 10-year yields were hanging around 3.10%. The fear was, would 3% yields quickly turn into 4% yields, and hit economic activity.
As of today, we’re trading closer to 2.90% again, back below 3%.
But you can see, we run into this big trendline that represents this ascent in rates for 2018, which also reflects the outlook of a hotter economy, thanks to tax cuts (fiscal stimulus).
Bottom line here: The concern in interest rates is speed, not trajectory. The trajectory should continue to be UP, which is a signal that the economy is improving, and finally gaining the tracking to perform at trend, if not better than trend growth. The concern about ‘speed’ should be far less than it was a week ago.
Next, here’s a look at the S&P 500.
You can see in the chart above, we’ve broken the downtrend of this correction cycle. The longer-term trend is UP. And this bull trend started, not coincidentally, at the bottom of the oil price crash in 2016, when global central banks stepped in with measures to stem the slide in confidence.
So, we’ve had a healthy 12% correction in stocks, we’ve held the 200-day moving average, we’ve maintained the longer-term trend, and we’ve broken out of the downtrend of the correction. Small cap stocks have already returned to new record highs. And we have an economy on pace to grow at 3% this year or better, with corporate earnings expected to grow at 20% for the year. So, the second half of the year should be very good for stocks.
We have a lot of geopolitical noise surrounding markets.
Let’s step through them:
1) Yesterday, we discussed the Trump trade threats with China:
How is it playing out?
We have an economy that is leading the global economic recovery. China wants and needs to be part of it. Trump’s bark, with the credibility to bite, is creating movement. It’s creating compliance. That’s becoming a very positive catalyst for global economy and for geopolitical stability (the exact opposite of what the experts have predicted these tactics would produce).
2) We’ve talked about the shock-risk developing in Europe. A coalition government forming in Italy, with an “Italy first” approach to the social and economic agenda, has created some flight of Italian bond market capital toward safety. This has people skittish about another blowup threat of the euro zone.
How is it playing out?
The last time Italy was on default/blow up watch, the 10 year yields were 7% (unsustainable levels). At those levels, the ECB had to intervene.
This recent move in the Italian bond markets leaves yields at just 2.4% …
This looks like Grexit, Brexit and the Trump election. It creates leverage for the third largest economy in the European Union (excluding Britain). In this case, we may see it result in a loosening of fiscal constraints in the European Union – and an EU wide fiscal stimulus plan to follow the lead of the U.S.
3) The North Korean nuclear threat …
How is it playing out?
Eight months ago, North Korea launched a missile over Japan. Markets barely budged, and the world continued to turn. Now, we’ve quickly gone from an imminent threat to potential denuclearization. And now a meeting has been cancelled. With that, on the continuum of this relationship, I’d say it’s closer to its best point, rather than its worst.
Bottom line, these risks should do little to stop the momentum of the economy and the stock market.
There has been a lot of attention over the past couple of days on China and trade relations.
China has moved down tariffs on auto and auto parts imports. And a source today said the government has “encouraged” China’s largest oil refiner to buy more U.S. crude oil. Based on the reports, China is now taking about 8 times the daily volume of U.S. crude imports, compared to averages a few months ago.
These are concessions! This is a distinct power shift. Not long ago, the world was afraid to rattle the cage of China. They (global trading partners) tiptoed around touchy matters like Chinese currency manipulation prior to the global financial crisis a decade ago, and even more so after the crisis.
But now, you can see the leverage that has been created by Trump. This is exactly what we talked about the day after the election.
Here’s an excerpt from my November 9, 2016 ProPerspectives note, back when the experts were predicting Draconian outcomes for poking the China giant: “As we’ve seen with Grexit and Brexit, the votes came with dire warnings, but have resulted in creating leverage. Trump’s complaints about China are right. And a threat of slapping a tariff on Chinese goods creates leverage from which to negotiate.”
Now, we have an economy that is leading the global economic recovery. China wants and needs to be part of it. And we have a President that has a loud bark, and the credibility to bite. And that is creating movement. Let’s revisit, also from one of my 2016 notes, why this China negotiation is so important …
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 2016
China’s biggest and most effective tool is and always has been its currency. China ascended to the second largest economy in the world over the past two decades by massively devaluing its currency, and then pegging it at ultra-cheap levels.
Take a look at this chart …
In this chart, the rising line represents a weaker Chinese yuan and a stronger U.S. dollar. You can see from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s, the value of the yuan declined dramatically, an 82% decline against the dollar. China trashed its currency for economic advantage—and it worked, big time. And it worked because the rest of the world stood by and let it happen.
For the next decade, the Chinese pegged its currency against the dollar at 8.29 yuan per dollar (a dollar buys 8.29 yuan).
With the massive devaluation of the 1980s into the early 1990s, and then the peg through 2005, the Chinese economy exploded in size. It enabled China to corner the world’s export market, and suck jobs and foreign currency out of the developed world. This is precisely what Donald Trumpis alluding to when he says ‘China is stealing from us.’
China’s economy went from $350 billion to $3.5 trillion through 2005, making it the third largest economy in the world.
This next chart is U.S. GDP during the same period. You can see the incredible ground gained by the Chinese on the U.S. through this period of mass currency manipulation.
And because they’ve undercut the world on price, they’ve become the world’s Wal-Mart (sellers to everyone) and have accumulated a mountain for foreign currency as a result. China is the holder of the largest foreign currency reserves in the world, at more than $3 trillion dollars (mostly U.S. dollars). What do they do with those dollars? They buy U.S. Treasurys, keeping rates low, so that U.S. consumers can borrow cheap and buy more of their goods—adding to their mountain of currency reserves, adding to their wealth and depleting the U.S. of wealth (and the cycle continues).
This is the recipe for big trade imbalances — lopsided economies too dependent upon either exports or imports. And it’s the recipe for more cycles of booms and busts … and with greater frequency.”
Again, China has to be dealt with. And we’re starting to see signs of progress on that front. Good news.
